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Ludwik Fleck

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Ludwik Fleck


Born
in Lwow, Poland
July 11, 1896

Died
July 05, 1961

Genre


Ludwik Fleck (11 July 1896 – 5 June 1961) was a Polish and Israeli physician and biologist who did important work in epidemic typhus in Lwów, Poland, with Rudolf Weigl and in the 1930s developed the concept of the "Denkkollektiv" ("thought collective"). The concept of the "thought collective" is important in the philosophy of science and in logology (the "science of science"), helping to explain how scientific ideas change over time, much as in Thomas Kuhn's later notion of the "paradigm shift" and in Michel Foucault's concept of the "episteme".

Thought collectives:
Fleck wrote that the development of truth in scientific research was an unattainable ideal as different researchers were locked into thought collectives (or thought-styles). A "tr
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Average rating: 4.25 · 277 ratings · 30 reviews · 4 distinct worksSimilar authors
Genesis and Development of ...

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4.24 avg rating — 270 ratings — published 1935 — 17 editions
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Erfahrung und Tatsache. Ges...

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Denkstile und Tatsachen: Ge...

it was amazing 5.00 avg rating — 1 rating
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Stili di pensiero: La conos...

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Quotes by Ludwik Fleck  (?)
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“Discovery is thus inextricably interwoven with what is known as error. To recognize a certain relation, many another relation must be misunderstood, denied, or overlooked. The operation of cognition [Erkenntnisphysiologie] is analogous to the physiology of movement. To move a limb, an entire so-called myostatic system must be immobilized to provide a basis of fixation. Every movement consists of two active processes; namely, motion and inhibition. The corresponding features in the operation of cognition are purposive, directed determination and cooperative abstraction, which complement one another.”
Ludwik Fleck, Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact

“Whatever is known has always seemed systematic, proven, applicable, and evident to the knower. Every alien system of knowledge has likewise seemed contradictory, unproven, inapplicable, fanciful, or mystical. May not the time have come to assume a less egocentric, more general point of view and to speak of comparative epistemology?”
Ludwik Fleck, Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact

“Thoughts pass from one individual to another, each time a little transformed, for each individual can attach to them somewhat different associations. Strictly speaking, the receiver never understands the thought exactly in the way that the transmitter intended it to be understood. After a series of such encounters, practically nothing is left of the original content. Whose thought is it that continues to circulate?”
Ludwik Fleck, Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact